Pacific Decadal Oscillation-like variability at a millennial timescale during the Holocene

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific exert a great influence on global climate and ecosystem changes. The Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is leading mode of decadal SST variability Pacific. PDO-like at millennial timescale during Holocene still poorly understood. In this study, millennial-scale explored using model–data comparisons. To reduce uncertainties caused by differential age controls, study reconstructs index two types published proxy records, including 1) east–west contrast extratropical 2) PDO-related precipitation anomalies East Asia. These reconstructions reveal coherent changes pattern Holocene, showing positive phases 10.4–8.5 ka BP 3.5–3.0 BP, negative 8.5–3.5 3.0–0.2 BP. Climate simulations suggest that predominantly controlled orbital forcing to phase regime early Holocene. between 3.5 3.0 was probably internal feedback system, which fail capture.